使用Grafana、Prometheus监控服务器资源占用情况，监控服务器、网站延时等数据，全部使用Docker Compose方式搭建

使用到的工具

• Grafana
• Prometheus
• Node Export
• BlackBox Export

使用到的面板（id：9965、16098）

• https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/9965-1-blackbox-exporter-dashboard-20220412/
• https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/16098-node-exporter-dashboard-20240520-job/

安装BlackBox Export

docker-compose.yml

services:
  blackbox-exporter:
    image: prom/blackbox-exporter:latest
    container_name: blackbox-exporter
    ports:
      - "9115:9115"
    volumes:
      - ./config/blackbox.yml:/etc/blackbox_exporter/config.yml  # 挂载配置文件
      - ./data:/data  # 挂载数据目录（可选，Blackbox Exporter 默认不需要持久化数据）
    cap_add:  # 赋予 ICMP 权限
      - NET_RAW
    restart: always  # 自动重启

配置文件blackbox.yml

modules:
  icmp:
    prober: icmp
    timeout: 10s
    icmp:
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"

  http_https:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: GET
      valid_status_codes: [200]
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: true  # 跳过证书验证（可选）

  http_2xx:
    prober: http
    http:
      valid_status_codes: [200]  # 仅接受 HTTP 200 状态码
      method: GET
      headers: 
        Host: prometheus.io  # 设置 Host 头
      no_follow_redirects: true  # 允许重定向

目录结构

root@aliyun-light:~/blackbox# tree ./
./
├── config
│   └── blackbox.yml
├── data
└── docker-compose.yml

3 directories, 2 files

安装Prometheus

docker-compose.yml

services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    # ports:
    #   - "9090:9090"
    network_mode: host
    volumes:
      - ./config:/etc/prometheus
      - ./data:/prometheus
    command:
      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
    restart: unless-stopped

配置文件prometheus.yml

global:
  scrape_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'blackbox-icmp'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [icmp]  # 使用 icmp 模块监控 IP 地址
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /etc/prometheus/icmp_targets.json  # 引用 icmp_targets.json
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115  # Blackbox Exporter 地址

  - job_name: 'blackbox-http'
    scrape_interval: 30s  # 设置网站的检查间隔为 30 秒
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_https]  # 使用 http_https 模块监控网站
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /etc/prometheus/http_targets.json  # 引用 http_targets.json
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115  # Blackbox Exporter 地址
  - job_name: 'node_exporter'
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
          - /etc/prometheus/server_targets.json

需要监控的IP和网站通过文件单独配置，每次配置完自动生效，不再需要重启Prometheus服务

网站监控http_targets.json

[
  {
    "targets": ["https://vio.vin"],
    "labels": {
      "instance": "Blog",
      "module": "Website",
      "project": "Blog",
      "name": "Blog"
    }
  }
]

ICMP监控icmp_targets.json

[
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.1"],
    "labels": {
      "instance": "Home Gateway",
      "module": "Home Server",
      "project": "Network",
      "name": "Home Gateway"
    }
  },
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.15"],
    "labels": {
      "instance": "Cady TR3000",
      "module": "Home Server",
      "project": "Network",
      "name": "Cady TR3000"
    }
  },
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.16"],
    "labels": {
      "instance": "Ubuntu Game Server",
      "module": "Home Server",
      "project": "Game",
      "name": "Ubuntu Game Server"
    }
  },
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.100"],
    "labels": {
      "instance": "PVE",
      "module": "Home Server",
      "project": "Infra",
      "name": "PVE"
    }
  },
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.50"],
    "labels": {
      "instance": "FNOS",
      "module": "Home Server",
      "project": "Infra",
      "name": "FNOS"
    }
  },
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.25"],
    "labels": {
      "instance": "Net Center",
      "module": "Home Server",
      "project": "Infra",
      "name": "Net Center"
    }
]

服务器监控server_targets.json（Node Export）

[
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.25:9100"],
    "labels": {
      "instance_name": "Net-Server",
      "region": "home",
      "type": "Home Server"
    }
  },
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.100:9100"],
    "labels": {
      "instance_name": "PVE",
      "region": "home",
      "type": "Home Server"
    }
  },
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.16:9100"],
    "labels": {
      "instance_name": "Game Server",
      "region": "home",
      "type": "Home Server"
    }
  },
  {
    "targets": ["127.0.0.1:9100"],
    "labels": {
      "instance_name": "Aliyun 200M",
      "region": "chengdu",
      "type": "Cloud Server"
    }
  },
  {
    "targets": ["10.115.15.50:9100"],
    "labels": {
      "instance_name": "FNOS",
      "region": "home",
      "type": "Home Server"
    }
  }
]

目录结构

root@aliyun-light:~/prometheus# tree ./
./
├── config
│   ├── http_targets.json
│   ├── icmp_targets.json
│   ├── prometheus.yml
│   └── server_targets.json
├── data
│   └── data
└── docker-compose.yml

13 directories, 25 files

安装Node Export

ubuntu直接使用apt安装即可

apt install prometheus-node-exporter

配置Grafana

Uptime

Server-Status